Paris: Despite significant advancements in global education access since the 1960s, UNESCO is raising concerns about the pressing need to modernize the legal framework governing the right to education. The organization warns that a failure to adapt to evolving global challenges such as climate change, conflicts, and technological advancements could result in millions of individuals being left behind.
According to EMM, Borhene Chakroun, Director of Lifelong Learning at UNESCO, emphasized the urgency in an interview with UN News, stating that without updating the legal framework, a large population risks being excluded from educational opportunities. A recent UNESCO report, "Right to Education: Past, Present and Future," highlights the tangible progress made since the 1960 Convention against Discrimination in Education and the Education 2030 Agenda. The report notes a significant transformation in the landscape of free primary education, with 82% of countries now providing free basic education, up from 56% in 2000.
UNESCO's findings reveal that completion rates for primary education have also improved, with 88% of children now finishing primary school compared to 77% two decades ago. Gender parity in education is nearing achievement in most regions, and higher education has seen what UNESCO describes as explosive growth, increasing from 100 million students in 2000 to 264 million today, with notable progress in the least developed countries.
However, the report underscores that despite these achievements, global disruptions such as climate-related events, which impacted over 240 million students in 2024 alone, are putting immense pressure on education systems. UNESCO is advocating for enhanced system resilience, improved teacher training, and expanded hybrid and distance learning models, drawing lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Conflicts continue to deny equitable learning opportunities to millions of children, particularly those displaced across borders.
The rapid rise of artificial intelligence presents another challenge. Mr. Chakroun stressed the importance of a human-centered approach to AI, advocating for robust regulation, teacher training, and tools designed to genuinely enhance learning.
In the context of sweeping changes in labor markets, UNESCO highlights the necessity of lifelong learning, especially for workers and older individuals. Investing in adult education is vital to prevent job loss and social disconnection. Various countries are already implementing reforms: France's individual training account allows workers to finance skills development, Singapore's SkillsFuture offers opportunities for all citizens, Australia focuses on low-skilled adults through foundational certification, and Morocco has constitutionally enshrined the right to vocational training.